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9th Meeting - genre and auteur theory

An overview of the U.S. film history up to the 50's gives us an insight into the workings of the classical Hollywood, which came after 1948 in a first crisis. After this year has been the studio system with the monopoly over all three regions of the film industry (production, distribution and screening) crushed by a court order, led other aspects such as urbanization and the rise of television as a new mass medium to a break in the U.S. film industry.

In Europe, during which sparked debates about the 50 years, resulting in the auteur theory in France. After the German occupation and the related ban on imports of American movies, then came a wave of Hollywood films in France and caused a new form of intensive engagement with the U.S. film. Alexandre Astruc (* 1923), Francois Truffaut (1932-84) and other developed mainly in the Cahiers du Cinéma the idea of cinema as a personal expression of the artist. In the United Kingdom and the United States attacked critics like Andrew Sarris (b. 1928), the ideas and questioning the roles of director as the central artist. Overall, the more regressive, romanticized Künslter idea of who carries himself in his work, would find that execute Page debates, however, led to the emergence of the genre include theory in the USA of the 70s.



Barry Keith Grant defined the genre as "categories of kinds or types of artistic or cultural artifacts with certain elements in common," as items he calls "subject matter, theme, narrative and stylistic conventions, character types, plots, and iconography. " The biggest problem with genre definitions, is that different genres are determined according to different criteria. For example, can the Western rather the setting or narrative elements define the horror film However, under the intended effect on the viewer. In addition, genre films are never pure genre films, but mixtures of different genres and their elements.
While genre films in the Studioära were to serve, produce easy and fast films, which applies to the expectations of the audience (itself with typical genre elements and of recurring actors) met, today, to break conventions of the genre or conscious genre mix .


The Great Train Robbery (Edwin S. Porter, U.S. 1903) is considered the first Western

Regarding Science Fiction, we note that it is probably the one genre that is most dependent on the link with others. Depending on how broadly or narrowly the term is taken, it is difficult to find common elements. What is Science Fiction, can probably be best to say with Damon Knight:
"science fiction is what we point to when we say it."

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8th Meeting - Science Fiction for "2001"

As a sample movie for a science-fiction cinema after "2001" is A. Andrei Tarkovsky in 1972 completed film "Solaris" in front. The resulting film can in the Soviet Union both as a "response" of the bloc to "2001" and its status as a serious meditation be understood under the terms of the science-fiction cinema, but also in some ways also a counter-proposal. With "2001" public "Solaris" is that it is designed to be aesthetically sublime experience and makes use of the SF-genres to reflect on philosophical questions. One of the most famous sequences in the film, however, can also be a deliberate counter-speech understanding in the direction of Kubrick: The minutes long, from Ichperspektive recorded journey through Tokyo tunnel system seems the Star Gate sequence in Kubrick's film of the same though, but has a sedative and demystification: by by their banal (and discouraging) the object of any utopian and aesthetic level of experience in Is denied, it is positioning itself antagonistic to the end of Kubrick's film.

Other problems: characters are often filmed from a slightly elevated perspective than they would to their proper place - assigned - the earth. Space is in Tarkovsky's film is not a place of opportunity and of foreign experience, but it represents a gaping void, the will of the anthropocentric man is only to impose themselves. As he tried to escape into space, solves all the human bonds of Earth, his proper department.
Unlike Kubrick people to learn about their biography is almost nothing, the people in "Solaris" straight saturated with memories, ponder on the melancholy dirges.

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7th Meeting - Science Fiction before "2001"

For the discussion of cinematic science fiction before "2001" has prepared numerous materials W.. The joint screening of film clips contours are taking the genre in general terms: in addition to the motif of the journey or the Quest comes out and film aesthetically clear that science fiction not so much a genre about conflicts of in social relations to each other subjects, but also an object-based genre, is dealing in its various forms and concepts with the relationship of people to technology and technology while carrying out speculative extrapolations. Almost all science fiction films is here negotiating a difference and alterity. Depending on the ambition of the movie behaves this serious-prognostizistisch (eg "Things to Come") or naive "magic" (such as "Flash Gordon"). This is also a primer for the genre covered, which also makes use of "2001".



Aesthetically there before in science-fiction movie "2001" the tendency to setting before. Special effects are exhibited as such and in its constructedness clearly visible.
In the brief ensuing discussion we deal mainly with the pathetic-utopian character of "2001" with regard to the previous one and complied genre cinema. The "thrust" of the SF-cinema - into space! - Is in "2001", although to a much lesser extent, still present, the following films but almost totally lacking. Exemplary films like "Soylent Green", "THX 1138" and "Logan's Run" deal more with internal conflicts of a society that dares to look out into space a little more production. We interpret this not only in response to the successful moon landing in 1969, but also in response to the internal social conflicts that occur in the western industrialized nations since the late 60's and their have left traces in neighboring genre, such as the horror film.

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